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Today’s news that inflation in the United Kingdom (UK) unexpectedly hit a fresh 40-year high of 10.10% was not taken too well by markets.
Core CPI inflation in the UK increased from 6.26%yoy in August to 6.54% Y/Y in September, above consensus expectations.
But it was headline CPI inflation that stole the show, coming in far above consensus expectations, and increasing from 9.87%yoy in August to 10.10% Y/Y in September, driven by the highest food price increases in decades.
The Office for National Statistics said the overall consumer price index rose 0.5% in September compared with August, a larger increase over the month than in 2021 when the index rose only 0.3%.
The composition of the strength was broad-based, with the hotel and restaurant category contributing the most to the core inflation increase.
Of the non-core components, petrol prices saw a sequential decline in September, while sequential food price inflation slowed slightly yet exploded on an annual basis.
The increase in the year-over-year headline inflation rate was driven primarily by an increase in core inflation. Across core components, the increase was broad-based, with the biggest contribution coming from hotel and restaurant prices.
While the ONS notes that the change in this year’s seasonal pattern contributed to the increase, restaurants and hotels are also one of the more labour cost sensitive categories. Of the non-core components, sequential petrol prices fell in September, but this was broadly offset by continued sequential strength in food inflation.
Paul Dales, chief UK economist at Capital Economics, said the rate of inflation would rise to 10.5 per cent in October and to 11 per cent in April once the government’s energy price guarantee expired.
“Today’s release highlights the danger that underlying inflation remains strong even as the economy weakens,” he said.
At more than five times the Bank of England’s 2% target, the double-digit inflation rate will also add to pressure on the central bank for a large interest rate rise on November 3.
That said, the BoE will need to weigh the additional price pressures against the government’s U-turns on unfunded tax cuts and less generous relief on household energy costs, which will reduce medium-term pressures on prices.
Samuel Tombs, chief UK economist at Pantheon Macroeconomics, said the “MPC still is a long way from being able to claim victory” over inflation, but urged the central bank to worry more about “weakening consumer demand and emerging slack in the labour market,” than the current high level of inflation.
The resurgence of UK inflation sent the Misery Index back to its highest since 1992.